Effect of cod liver oil on symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
Adv Ther. 2002 Mar-Apr;19(2):101-7.
Gruenwald J, Graubaum HJ, Harde A.
PhytoPharm Consulting, Institute for Phytopharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
In this pilot study, 43 patients with rheumatoid arthritis ingested 1 g of cod liver oil (one capsule) daily for 3 months. Decreases occurred in morning stiffness (52.4%; P<10(-3)), painful (42.7%) and swollen (40%) joints (P= 10(-3) each), and pain intensity (67.5%). Ratings of “good” or “very good” were awarded by 68% of the patients for efficacy and by 95% for tolerability. Eleven patients reported nonsevere adverse effects that in 3 cases may have been related to the study preparation. Cod liver oil can be recommended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Adv Ther. 2002 Mar-Apr;19(2):101-7.
Gruenwald J, Graubaum HJ, Harde A.
PhytoPharm Consulting, Institute for Phytopharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
In this pilot study, 43 patients with rheumatoid arthritis ingested 1 g of cod liver oil (one capsule) daily for 3 months. Decreases occurred in morning stiffness (52.4%; P<10(-3)), painful (42.7%) and swollen (40%) joints (P= 10(-3) each), and pain intensity (67.5%). Ratings of “good” or “very good” were awarded by 68% of the patients for efficacy and by 95% for tolerability. Eleven patients reported nonsevere adverse effects that in 3 cases may have been related to the study preparation. Cod liver oil can be recommended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 May;47(5):665-9.
Galarraga B, Ho M, Youssef HM, Hill A, McMahon H, Hall C, Ogston S, Nuki G, Belch JJ.
Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, University Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK. [email protected]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Dose-dependant gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side-effects limit the use of NSAIDs in the management of RA. The n-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) have previously demonstrated some anti-inflammatory and NSAID-sparing properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether cod liver oil supplementation helps reduce daily NSAID requirement of patients with RA.
METHODS: Dual-centre, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study of 9 months’ duration. Ninety-seven patients with RA were randomized to take either 10 g of cod liver oil containing 2.2 g of n-3 EFAs or air-filled identical placebo capsules. Documentation of NSAID daily requirement, clinical and laboratory parameters of RA disease activity and safety checks were done at 0, 4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks. At 12 weeks, patients were instructed to gradually reduce, and if possible, stop their NSAID intake. Relative reduction of daily NSAID requirement by >30% after 9 months was the primary outcome measure.
RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients (60%) completed the study. Out of 49 patients 19 (39%) in the cod liver oil group and out of 48 patients 5 (10%) in the placebo group were able to reduce their daily NSAID requirement by >30% (P = 0.002, chi-squared test). No differences between the groups were observed in the clinical parameters of RA disease activity or in the side-effects observed
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that cod liver oil supplements containing n-3 fatty acids can be used as NSAID-sparing agents in RA patients.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 May;47(5):665-9.
Galarraga B, Ho M, Youssef HM, Hill A, McMahon H, Hall C, Ogston S, Nuki G, Belch JJ.
Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, University Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK. [email protected]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Dose-dependant gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side-effects limit the use of NSAIDs in the management of RA. The n-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) have previously demonstrated some anti-inflammatory and NSAID-sparing properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether cod liver oil supplementation helps reduce daily NSAID requirement of patients with RA.
METHODS: Dual-centre, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study of 9 months’ duration. Ninety-seven patients with RA were randomized to take either 10 g of cod liver oil containing 2.2 g of n-3 EFAs or air-filled identical placebo capsules. Documentation of NSAID daily requirement, clinical and laboratory parameters of RA disease activity and safety checks were done at 0, 4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks. At 12 weeks, patients were instructed to gradually reduce, and if possible, stop their NSAID intake. Relative reduction of daily NSAID requirement by >30% after 9 months was the primary outcome measure.
RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients (60%) completed the study. Out of 49 patients 19 (39%) in the cod liver oil group and out of 48 patients 5 (10%) in the placebo group were able to reduce their daily NSAID requirement by >30% (P = 0.002, chi-squared test). No differences between the groups were observed in the clinical parameters of RA disease activity or in the side-effects observed
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that cod liver oil supplements containing n-3 fatty acids can be used as NSAID-sparing agents in RA patients.
Clinical application of omega-3-fatty acids (cod-liver oil)
Klin Med (Mosk). 2005;83(10):51-7.
Abstract
A range of prospective studies have proven high efficacy of omega3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega3-FA, cod-liver oil (CLO)) in secondary prophylaxis of atherosclerosis and its complications. Monotherapy with CLO or its combination with statines in natients with hypertriglyceridemia substantially lowers triglyceride level. Due to their anti-inflammatory properties, including the capability of prostaglandin production reduction, clinical application of omega3-FA is indicated in high risk of preterm delivery, and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In the latter CLO application allows reduction of the dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and improves chief clinical symptoms (reduces pain and morning joint stiffness.)
Klin Med (Mosk). 2005;83(10):51-7.
Abstract
A range of prospective studies have proven high efficacy of omega3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega3-FA, cod-liver oil (CLO)) in secondary prophylaxis of atherosclerosis and its complications. Monotherapy with CLO or its combination with statines in natients with hypertriglyceridemia substantially lowers triglyceride level. Due to their anti-inflammatory properties, including the capability of prostaglandin production reduction, clinical application of omega3-FA is indicated in high risk of preterm delivery, and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In the latter CLO application allows reduction of the dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and improves chief clinical symptoms (reduces pain and morning joint stiffness.)
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